Plasma is often referred to as the fourth state of matter. When a gas is heated to sufficiently high temperatures, it becomes ionized and transitions into a plasma state, where charged particles make the medium electrically conductive. Although composed of charged particles, plasma remains overall electrically neutral at the macroscopic scale. The sun, lightning, and electric arc discharges are examples of plasma encountered in both natural and industrial environments. Thermal plasma can induce multiple physical effects, including thermal, chemical, and hydrodynamic phenomena.